The entire peninsula was fragmented into seven states and after two long years, from 1859 to 1861, took the form of a new kingdom proclaimed king of Italy Vittorio Emanuele II. The move was a result of military victory by the armies of France and Piedmont in 1859 and of the contemporary progressive crumbling of the various Italian states which had hitherto tied their fate to the presence of Austria in the entire Italian territory. The new state despite not having many elements of uniqueness from the point of view of political traditions, given the elegant hall and the north and the centralized monarchy of the South in Naples, he was still bound by a strong cultural sense of ancient origins which was a strong element of unity in the country. This tangible national consciousness meant that no further clashes of resistance against the new political reality, except in the southern kingdom, where some opposition manifested itself after the loss of Sicily and the arrival of Garibaldi in Naples (September 7) with the battle of the Volturno and the defense of some fortresses. It was privileged then the way of acceptance of the new situation to that of the old ruling classes of the clash with the element liberal. This facilitated the rapid recognition of the kingdom by Great Britain and Switzerland, 30 March 1861, just two weeks after its proclamation, followed by the United States of America April 13, 1861, beyond sympathy for the government liberal in Turin, there was also a drawing, even if still uncertain, the benefit that would have taken the continent by the presence of the new kingdom. It began to spread the belief that a united Italy might be an element of stability for the whole continent. Instead of being a land of conflict between powers decided to buy a hegemonic position in Central and Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy unified, that is a reign of more than 22 million people, could be an effective obstacle to the expansionist tendencies of France on one side and the Habsburg Empire and the other due to its favorable geographical position, inserted in the contrast between France and Great Britain for control of the Mediterranean. The Law 4671 was promulgated 17 March 1861 and published in the Official Gazette No. 68, March 18, 1861.
Since then, Italy is united and is therefore surely a sign of love for our land and homeland this week to remember in a special way every day and the beginning of our history.
Antonio Giuseppe Colella
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